Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Canine and Feline Osteomyelitis: A Review

Background: Canine and feline osteomyelitis is a multifactorial orthopedic disorder that arises as a form of interaction between microbial colonization, biofilm formation, and impairment of bone vascularity. It is difficult to treat and diagnose, particularly on the backdrop of mounting antimicrobial resistance. A proper knowledge of the relative efficacy of different antibiotic treatments on their own or in combination with surgery is essential to improve curative results and reduce recurrence (Gieling et al., ۲۰۱۹; González-Martín et al., ۲۰۲۲). Methods: This review integrates information from five landmark studies between ۲۰۱۴ and ۲۰۲۴, including retrospective assessments, clinical case series, and systematic reviews (Siqueira et al., ۲۰۱۴; Gieling et al., ۲۰۱۹; González-Martín et al., ۲۰۲۲; Lord et al., ۲۰۲۲; Shi et al., ۲۰۲۲). Articles were selected on a relevance basis in terms of antibiotic efficacy, bacterial isolates, and therapeutic outcome in feline and canine osteomyelitis. Results: The most prevalent recovered pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Susceptible strains were killed by beta-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin–clavulanate, cephalexin, and cefazolin. Methicillin-resistant strains (MRSP and MRSA) rose in prevalence, however, to restrict the efficacy of empirical β-lactam treatment (Lord et al., ۲۰۲۲). Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides reached deeper in bones but were reserved for resistant infections due to the possibility of toxicity. Use of surgical debridement and systemic and local antibiotic therapy significantly improved the result (Gieling et al., ۲۰۱۹; Shi et al., ۲۰۲۲). Conclusion: Optimal therapy of osteomyelitis in companion animals includes the following: multidisciplinary therapy with accurate bacteriological diagnosis, culture- and sensitivity-guided choice of antibiotics, and successful surgery. Empirical therapy, as much as possible, should be avoided, and antibiotic therapy aimed at confirmed bone penetration and removal of biofilm should be standard.

کلیدواژه ها:

Osteomyelitis ، Antibiotic therapy ، MRSP ، Bone infection ، Antimicrobial resistance