Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Presenting with Isolated Pericardial Effusion in a ۴ Month Old Kitten

Background: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most fatal viral diseases in cats, caused by a virulent mutation of feline coronavirus. Classically, it occurs in two forms: effusive (wet) and non effusive (dry). The effusive type typically involves ascitic or pleural effusion, whereas primary pericardial effusion is rare. This report describes an unusual case of FIP in a ۴ month old male domestic shorthair kitten that presented solely with pericardial effusion and no involvement of other body cavities. Case presentation: A ۴ month old intact male DSH kitten, unvaccinated, presented with lethargy, anorexia, and respiratory distress. Clinical examination revealed muffled heart sounds and tachypnea. Thoracic radiographs showed marked cardiomegaly with indistinct cardiac borders. Differential diagnoses included pericardial effusion, hiatal hernia and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH), Ultrasonography (T FAST) confirmed pericardial effusion. Guided pericardiocentesis was performed; the Rivalta test was positive and the fluid protein concentration exceeded_x۰۰۰۰_ ۳.۵_x۰۰۰۰_ g/dL, consistent with FIP related exudate. No abdominal or pleural effusion was detected on sonography. The cat_x۰۰۰۰_ s condition deteriorated, and with a poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Results and Conclusion: This case highlights that FIP may rarely manifest with isolated pericardial effusion, absent ascitic or pleural fluid. Such a presentation underscores the need to include FIP in the differential diagnosis of feline pericardial effusion. Imaging (radiography and ultrasonography) combined with pericardial fluid analysis_x۰۰۰۰_ especially the Rivalta test and biochemical evaluation_x۰۰۰۰_ are critical for diagnosis. Despite recent advances in antiviral therapy, prognosis in severe cases remains poor, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and owner counseling.

کلیدواژه ها:

Feline Infectious Peritonitis ، Cat ، Pericardial Effusion ، Rivalta Test ، Ultrasonography