Applications of Nanovaccines in the Prevention and Control of Poultry Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review

Background: Infectious diseases pose a constant threat to the poultry industry, and vaccination remains the most effective strategy for combating them. However, conventional vaccines often face challenges such as failure to induce robust mucosal immunity, the need for potent adjuvants, and the inability to elicit broad and long-lasting immune responses. This study aimed to systematically review the application of nanovaccines as a novel and promising strategy to overcome these limitations and increase the efficiency of vaccination against important viral and bacterial diseases of poultry. Methods: To meet the goals of this study, a methodical search was performed in respected scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar, utilizing keywords associated with nanovaccines and poultry diseases, with no temporal constraints until June ۲۰۲۵. The criteria for inclusion and exclusion were set in advance, and the articles were chosen based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Lastly, we compiled qualitative data from eligible studies in a structured manner. Results: An analysis of ۲۰ studies indicated that nanovaccines, especially those utilizing lipid, polymer, and immunostimulatory nanoparticles, provoke more robust and enduring humoral and cellular immune responses in poultry than traditional vaccines. These new platforms significantly lowered the amount of virus in target organs, raised the chances of survival, and boosted mucosal immunity against serious pathogen threats like Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza. The potential for precise targeting and regulated antigen release has been identified as a significant benefit of this technology. Conclusion: The findings clearly demonstrate that nanovaccines represent a revolutionary development in poultry vaccination, with tremendous potential to create a paradigm shift in disease control strategies and improve health and productivity in the poultry industry.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanovaccines ، Poultry ، Immunogenicity ، Infectious Diseases ، Nanocarriers