The Role of Advanced Cross-Sectional Imaging (CT and MRI) in Avian Pathology and Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases in various poultry species have long faced significant challenges due to their unique anatomy and physiology. Conventional imaging modalities, such as radiography, often provide limited ۲D information that is insufficient for accurate surgical planning and a comprehensive understanding of the extent of pathological lesions. This systematic review examines and synthesizes the available evidence on the role of advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques, particularly CT scan and MRI, in the field of poultry pathology and surgical planning. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol to identify relevant studies published up to January ۲۰۲۵. Inclusion criteria were original studies (case reports, case series, original articles) reporting the use of CT or MRI in the investigation of pathology or surgical planning in any poultry species. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using standard tools, and the data were qualitatively synthesized. Results: The systematic search identified ۳۰ eligible studies from various avian species (including psittacines, falcons, domestic fowl, and ornamental fowl). The findings conclusively demonstrated that CT-Scan, with its high spatial resolution, serves as a superior tool for accurate and quantitative visualization of bony lesions (such as complex fractures, osteomyelitis, and bone neoplasia), precise localization and size of foreign bodies, and evaluation of hollow structures of the coelomic cavity (such as the gizzard and forestomach). In contrast, MRI was considered unrivaled for the detection and precise delineation of soft tissue lesions, such as muscle tumors, deep abscesses, central nervous system infections, and visceral parenchymal diseases (including the liver and kidney), due to its superior soft tissue contrast. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques have, in combination, revolutionized the diagnosis of complex pathologies and precise surgical planning in poultry medicine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Advanced cross-sectional imaging ، Avian pathology ، Surgical planning ، Computed tomography ، Magnetic resonance imaging