Experiences of Sustainable Development: From Theory to Practice

Sustainable development has emerged as one of the most critical discourses of the ۲۱st century, serving as a framework for balancing economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection. This paper aims to analyze global and national experiences of sustainable development by examining successful case studies and the challenges faced by different countries, using documentary research and qualitative analysis. Findings indicate that leading countries such as Sweden, Denmark, Japan, and South Korea have successfully integrated environmental policies with economic and social agendas, providing effective models for others. Moreover, the study highlights that public participation, widespread education, strengthening democratic institutions, and investment in innovative technologies are key success factors. Developing countries, however, face challenges such as dependency on fossil fuels, weak institutional structures, and financial constraints, which hinder their progress toward sustainability. The case of Iran reveals efforts in renewable energy expansion, sustainable agriculture, and water resource protection, though structural and economic barriers remain significant. The article concludes that knowledge transfer and international experience-sharing can assist nations in localizing sustainable policies. Ultimately, sustainable development is not merely a theoretical goal but a vital necessity for intergenerational equity and the survival of future generations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sustainable development ، social justice ، environmental protection ، innovation ، global experience