A Review of the Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) as a Neuroprotective Agent in Central Nervous System Disorders

Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) is a prominent herb in Ayurvedic medicine, widely used for enhancing memory and cognitive function. Its active compounds, including bacosides, exhibit antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and anti‑apoptotic properties that contribute to neuroprotection. Preclinical studies indicate that these compounds modulate inflammatory pathways, reduce oxidative stress, upregulate brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and inhibit enzymes associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as BACE۱. Clinical evidence regarding the cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri in humans, however, remains inconsistent. While some trials report significant improvements in memory, attention, and stress reduction, others show no substantial difference compared to placebo. These discrepancies may stem from variability in extract standardization, cognitive assessment tools, and study design. Overall, Bacopa monnieri demonstrates promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative conditions; nevertheless, more rigorous, large‑scale clinical trials with improved methodological quality are required to conclusively establish its efficacy and safety.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bacopa monnieri ، Brahmi ، Neuroprotective ، Central Nervous System Disorders