A Comprehensive Review on the Application of Agricultural Waste and Residues in Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater

Wastewaters from the dyeing and textile industries are a major source of water pollution and contain high concentrations of persistent synthetic dyes (such as azo and anthraquinone dyes) that cause severe environmental damage, including disruption of aquatic photosynthesis, increased BOD and COD, and threats to human health due to carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. This comprehensive review examines the use of agricultural wastes and residues as low cost, biodegradable biosorbents for the removal of these pollutants. Based on an analysis of more than ۱۰۰ recent studies (from the ۱۹۹۰s to ۲۰۲۳), waste types such as rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, fruit peels, wheat straw, date pits, and olive pomace—owing to their cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin structure and active functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino)—exhibit adsorption capacities of ۲۰–۲۰۰ mg/g and removal efficiencies of ۸۰–۹۸% under optimal conditions (pH ۴–۸, temperature ۲۰–۴۰°C). Adsorption mechanisms—physical (Langmuir and Freundlich models), chemical (ionic and hydrogen bonding) and kinetic (pseudo second order)—are discussed in detail, along with laboratory, pilot scale, and field studies that highlight economic benefits (costs below USD ۰.۱/kg) and environmental advantages (up to ۶۰% reduction in carbon footprint). Challenges such as limited capacity and source variability are analyzed, with proposed solutions including nanotechnological modifications and hybrid systems. Emphasizing circular economy principles and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG ۶ and ۱۲), this approach shows strong potential for industrial application in developing countries such as Iran and could serve as an affordable alternative to conventional expensive methods.

کلیدواژه ها:

agricultural waste ، wastewater treatment ، textile industry ، biosorption ، synthetic dyes ، environmental sustainability