Harnessing Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Analysis of Technologies, Integration, and Policy Frameworks

The global pursuit of sustainable development is intrinsically linked to the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy (RE) sources. This comprehensive review examines the pivotal role of RE—including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, bioenergy, and emerging ocean technologies—in achieving the tripartite goals of sustainable development: energy security, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic equity. The article employs a systematic literature review methodology to analyze the technological maturity, environmental impacts, economic viability, and integration challenges of each RE source. Findings indicate that while solar and wind are experiencing exponential growth and cost reductions, their variability necessitates advancements in energy storage, smart grids, and sector coupling. Hydropower and geothermal offer stable baseload power but face geographical and ecological constraints. Bioenergy's potential is significant but must be carefully managed to avoid conflicts with food security and biodiversity. The analysis further reveals that the successful integration of RE into the energy mix is not solely a technological challenge but is equally dependent on robust policy frameworks, financial mechanisms, and international cooperation. The article concludes that a diversified, decentralized, and digitally integrated RE system, supported by holistic policies, is essential for decarbonizing the global economy, enhancing resilience, and fulfilling the aspirations of sustainable development for present and future generations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Renewable Energy ، Sustainable Development ، Energy Transition ، Solar Power ، Wind Power