Blockchain for Green Supply Chains: Enhancing Environmental Transparency and Sustainability

This study aims to investigate the potential of blockchain technology to enhance environmental transparency and sustainability in supply chains. As industries face increasing pressures to reduce ecological impacts, ensure ethical sourcing, and comply with environmental regulations, reliable and real-time traceability of products and processes has become critical. A systematic literature review was conducted, covering academic publications, to analyze how blockchain contributes to green supply chain practices. Relevant studies were identified through structured searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as "blockchain," "sustainability," "traceability," and "ESG reporting." The review synthesizes findings into five thematic areas: traceability and provenance, environmental transparency and ESG reporting, practical and economic impacts, hybrid technology and data quality, and governance, legal, and privacy challenges. Results indicate that blockchain enhances real-time monitoring, data integrity, stakeholder trust, operational efficiency, and compliance with environmental standards, particularly when integrated with IoT and AI technologies. However, challenges remain regarding scalability, data accuracy, regulatory frameworks, and adoption barriers among small suppliers. The study highlights practical implications and identifies directions for future research to advance sustainable, transparent, and resilient supply chains.

کلیدواژه ها:

Blockchain ، Supply Chains ، Sustainability