Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Emerging Drug Delivery Systems

Drug delivery systems have undergone significant evolution in recent decades, driven by the need for improved patient compliance, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and minimization of adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of contemporary drug delivery methods, including oral, injectable, transdermal, inhalation, nanoparticle-based, targeted, and sustained-release systems. Particularly, advances in nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive delivery mechanisms are discussed from a translational perspective. Comparative metrics such as bioavailability, patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles are evaluated. The findings underscore the importance of individualized delivery strategies and highlight emerging technologies poised to transform clinical therapeutics.

کلیدواژه ها:

Drug delivery systems ، Nanocarriers ، Targeted therapy ، Oral delivery ، Sustained release ، Bioavailability ، Patient adherence