Global Strategies for Preconception Health Promotion: A Literature Review

Introduction: Preconception care (PCC) encompasses preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at identifying and modifying biomedical, behavioral, and social risks that influence maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. Despite increasing global recognition, substantial heterogeneity persists in the design and implementation of PCC strategies across countries. Methods: This narrative review (conducted in ۲۰۲۳) synthesized evidence from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and regional English and Persian sources. Eligible studies included national or subnational PCC programs, policy frameworks, and evaluations of guideline implementation. Results: High-income countries typically emphasize behavioral risk reduction—such as nutrition, folic acid supplementation, substance use, and chronic disease optimization—through structured population level public health programs. Low and middle income countries more frequently position PCC as a strategy for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, though progress is limited by resource constraints and fragmented health systems. Emerging evidence indicates that digital health technologies can enhance screening, follow up, and service accessibility; however, significant inequities in coverage and continuity remain. Conclusion: While PCC is increasingly integrated into public health agendas globally, major gaps persist, particularly regarding private sector involvement, service standardization, and responsiveness to evolving population needs. Strengthening multisectoral collaboration, investing in digital innovation, and developing context specific policy frameworks are essential to improving the effectiveness and equity of PCC worldwide.

کلیدواژه ها:

Preconception Care ، Preconception Health ، Health Promotion ، Maternal Health ، Global Health ، Policy ، Quality of care