Fuzzy-based numerical investigation of MHD nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with darcy-forchheimer porous medium efects

This paper presents a numerical study on the steady two-dimensional flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid over a convective stretching surface embedded within a porous medium, accounting for nonlinear Darcy--Forchheimer resistance. To effectively address uncertainties in critical physical parameters such as magnetic field strength and porous medium permeability, fuzzy set theory is applied. The governing boundary layer equations containing fuzzy parameters are converted into nonlinear fuzzy ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations and solved using the \(\alpha\)-cut technique. The results indicate that increases in the fuzzy magnetic field and Darcy--Forchheimer parameters lead to elevated velocity and microrotation profiles, while temperature and nanoparticle concentration profiles decrease. The fuzzy approach provides uncertainty intervals around these predictions, offering valuable insights for engineering designs involving nanofluid flows under imprecise conditions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Magnetohydrodynamics ، Nanofluid flow ، DarcyForch-heimer porous medium ، fuzzy set theory ، Uncertainty analysis