The Effect of Superplasticizer Admixture on Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC)

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a significant advancement in construction materials, offering exceptional mechanical strength, durability, and low permeability. Central to achieving these properties is the incorporation of superplasticizers, which enhance workability at low water-to-binder ratios. This review synthesizes recent research from ۲۰۲۰ to ۲۰۲۵ on the effects of various superplasticizers—such as polycarboxylate ether (PCE), sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF), and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF)—on UHPC's rheological behavior, compressive and flexural strength, and long-term durability. Drawing from over ۴۰ peer-reviewed studies, we highlight how superplasticizer type and dosage influence particle dispersion, hydration kinetics, and microstructure densification. Novel aspects include the integration of machine learning for optimizing admixtures and the shift toward sustainable, low-clinker UHPC formulations. Key findings indicate that PCE-based superplasticizers provide superior water reduction (up to ۳۵%) and strength gains (۱۱-۱۷% in compressive strength) compared to SNF and SMF, while minimizing environmental impact through reduced cement usage. Challenges such as agglomeration at high dosages and compatibility with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are discussed, with recommendations for future research on eco-friendly alternatives. This work provides a foundation for tailoring UHPC mixes for applications in bridges, high-rises, and ۳D printing.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ultra-high performance concrete ، superplasticizer ، rheology ، mechanical properties ، sustainability ، machine learning