Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of the ‘Asabiyya and the Tribal Politics of Trade in Fars and Kerman Provinces (۶۵۶-۸۱۷ AH /۱۲۵۸-۱۴۱۴ AD)

The Mongol conquest of the Khwārazm-Shāhs (۴۹۰-۶۲۸/۱۰۹۷-۱۲۳۱) was primarily motivated by controlling the central trade routes including the silk roads for the flow of wealth and commerce from the China Sea to the Mediterranean. A generation after Chinggis Khān (c. ۱۱۶۲-۱۲۲۷), with direct orders from Möngke Qā'ān and armed with the special forces of Chinggis, Hulegu Khān was appointed to oversee the western fringes of the Mongol controlled territories. While Hulegu managed to defeat the Ismā’ilis and move on to overthrow the ‘Abbāsids and conquer Baghdād (۶۵۶/۱۲۵۸), he was opposed by Berke Khān, the Muslim Commander, whose forces under Negüder Noyān fled to the eastern provinces under the dominion of the Il-Khāns. Apparently, they joined forces with Qara'unās, vanguard of the Mongol forces on the borders of India and thus became a source of instability for the commercial routes in Kerman and Fars provinces. During the rule of the Mongol Il-Khans, Arghūn Khān was dispatched by the Central Mongols to Jiroft to protect the trade routes of the Oghān and Jermān. However, gradually from mid-۸th century onwards the dispatched units for the purpose of ensuring security turned into rebellious self-serving groups, whether it was the Āl-e Mūzzafar or the Āl-e Īnju. In due time however, they were absorbed into the new formidable forces of the Timurids. This study seeks to examine Ibn Khaldun’s theory of the ‘Asabiyya, as it applies to human society (‘Umrān).

کلیدواژه ها:

Fars ، Kerman ، Qara&rsquo ، unās ، Oghānī and Jermānī tribes ، Tīmurids ، Ibn Khaldun ، &lsquo ، Asabiyya. &lsquo ، Umrān