Design of an Optimized Array Antenna in the ۶۴–۸۴ GHz Frequency Band for Application in Autonomous Vehicles

Automotive radar systems require antennas with specific characteristics to achieve optimal performance. One of the main challenges in this field is reducing signal interference and improving beam steering. In this study, a planar array antenna for millimeter-wave automotive radar applications is proposed, which is capable of meeting these requirements. The antenna consists of thirteen array elements with a linear series feed and a coaxial feeding network. Series-fed microstrip patch array antennas are popular options for millimeter-wave radar applications due to their simple structure, high gain, and low cost. However, the limited impedance bandwidth remains one of the main challenges in designing such antennas. In this research, by employing specific techniques in array and transmission line design, not only is the impedance bandwidth increased, but the sidelobe level is also reduced and beam steering is significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate a maximum sidelobe level of –۱۳ dB in the E-plane and –۱۰ dB in the H-plane. Additionally, an impedance bandwidth of ۲۰ GHz and a gain higher than ۱۴ dB are achieved. Automotive radar systems require antennas with specific characteristics to achieve optimal performance. One of the main challenges in this field is reducing signal interference and improving beam steering. In this study, a planar array antenna for millimeter-wave automotive radar applications is proposed, which is capable of meeting these requirements. The antenna consists of thirteen array elements with a linear series feed and a coaxial feeding network. Series-fed microstrip patch array antennas are popular options for millimeter-wave radar applications due to their simple structure, high gain, and low cost. However, the limited impedance bandwidth remains one of the main challenges in designing such antennas. In this research, by employing specific techniques in array and transmission line design, not only is the impedance bandwidth increased, but the sidelobe level is also reduced and beam steering is significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate a maximum sidelobe level of –۱۳ dB in the E-plane and –۱۰ dB in the H-plane. Additionally, an impedance bandwidth of ۲۰ GHz and a gain higher than ۱۴ dB are achieved.

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