The Role of NGO Activism in Strengthening Climate Change Adaptation Capacity in Iran (Case Study: Rasht City)

This study examines the role of non-governmental organization (NGO) activism in enhancing climate change adaptation capacity in Iran, with a focus on Rasht City. Given the inefficacy of certain government-led interventions in climate adaptation, this research aims to highlight the significance of civic and community-based participation through the active engagement of NGOs. The study employs a qualitative, inductive research approach, utilizing content analysis of policy documents, academic sources, and contextual data to provide an in-depth analysis. The findings reveal five key components: the active role of NGOs in local climate resilience, the strengthening of community-based participation, the institutional gap between NGOs and local governments, the complementary role of NGOs in addressing state inefficiencies, and the need for multi-level governance. The results indicate that the lack of effective participatory frameworks, the absence of formal recognition of NGOs in urban decision-making, and weak public education are major obstacles to achieving climate adaptation capacity. Accordingly, the study recommends a redefinition of local governance structures, stronger ties between civil society and local authorities, and prioritization of public climate education in urban policy agendas. Only through such measures can effective solidarity between citizens and decision-makers be established to confront climate crises.