Algorithmic Oversight and Financial Stability: A Practical Framework for Real-Time Monitoring in Insurance

This article advances a comprehensive framework for algorithmic oversight, defined as a continuous, real time supervision paradigm that integrates financial indicators such as Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR), Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR), Combined Operating Ratio (COR), liquidity, and Return on Equity (ROE) with technical indicators including claim latency, underwriting automation, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) audit transparency, in order to strengthen prudential resilience. Using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guided systematic review of ۴۸ studies from ۱۹۷۳ to ۲۰۲۵ spanning Insurance Technology (InsurTech), Regulatory Technology (RegTech), Supervisory Technology (SupTech), and XAI governance, we synthesize evidence that real time analytics enable earlier detection of solvency stress, reduce reporting latency, and improve accountability when paired with explainable models and standardized data pipelines. We present an integrative conceptual model that situates continuous monitoring at the intersection of institutional governance, technology adoption, specifically the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), XAI, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) oriented risk governance. Practical implications include deployment of transparent Artificial Intelligence (AI) dashboards, adoption of harmonized indicator taxonomies, and development of cross border supervisory data hubs. This framework shifts the focus of insurance supervision from looking backward at compliance to looking forward with proactive, data-driven guidance. It aims to balance the pursuit of innovation with the need for transparency, accountability, and financial resilience.

کلیدواژه ها:

algorithmic oversight ، InsurTech ، real-time monitoring ، solvency ، supervisory technology (SupTech/RegTech) ، explainable and ethical AI (XAI) ، ESG governance ، insurance supervision