Differential Gene Expression and Molecular Pathways in Non‑Obstructive Azoospermia and Testicular Cancer: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Overview and Personalized Medicine

Background: Testicular cancer and non‑obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represent major conditions affecting male reproductive capacity. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms that connect these disorders is essential for scientific and clinical progress. Objective: This study aimed to uncover differentially expressed genes (DEGs), signaling cascades, and functional processes shared between testicular cancer and NOA through integrated bioinformatics strategies. Methods: Public microarray datasets were processed to detect DEGs in spermatogenic and Sertoli cells from NOA patients. Gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA) were applied to interpret biological significance. Results: Forty‑two DEGs were recognized, including DUSP۲۱, SLC۲۲A۱۵, FABP۶, MUC۲۰, GPIHBP۱, and SLC۲A۱. Pathway exploration revealed enrichment in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling and GTP‑binding regulatory mechanisms. GO analysis highlighted processes related to cytokinesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and intracellular signaling. WGCNA revealed key co‑expression modules linked to disrupted pathways in NOA. Conclusion: These findings offer an expanded molecular view of how NOA and testicular cancer may intersect, highlighting biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for future investigation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Testicular Cancer ، Non-Obstructive Azoospermia ، weighted gene co-expression ، signaling pathways