Leveraging Generative AI for Personalized Learning in Secondary Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has marked a transformative phase in educational technology, enabling interactive and adaptive learning environments. Unlike traditional computer-assisted instruction, GenAI systems such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude are capable of generating contextualized explanations, personalized feedback, and creative problem-solving tasks, thereby enhancing learner engagement and autonomy. Recent studies highlight the growing use of GenAI in education for individualized tutoring, formative assessment, and cognitive skill development (Kasneci et al., ۲۰۲۳; Zawacki-Richter et al., ۲۰۲۴). However, these opportunities are accompanied by serious challenges, including data privacy concerns, academic integrity issues, algorithmic bias, and overreliance on AI-generated content (Cotton et al., ۲۰۲۳; Lim et al., ۲۰۲۴). This paper explores the potential of GenAI in personalized secondary education, proposing a structured framework that integrates teacher supervision, ethical safeguards, and transparent model usage. The framework emphasizes three principles: (۱) human–AI collaboration in instructional design, (۲) inclusion of AI literacy and critical thinking in the curriculum, and (۳) privacy-preserving deployment of AI tools within institutional policies. A mixed-methods research approach is proposed to examine how GenAI influences students’ motivation, learning outcomes, and ethical awareness over time. The findings from current literature indicate that when GenAI is used responsibly under teacher mediation, it can foster deeper learning and adaptability while minimizing risks. The paper concludes by outlining practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and EdTech developers to ensure that GenAI serves as a supportive pedagogical partner rather than a disruptive force in modern schooling.

کلیدواژه ها:

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) ، Personalized Learning ، Secondary Education ، Educational Technology ، Ethical AI