Novel micro- and nanoformulations of paclitaxel for targeting metastatic breast, non-small cell lung, and pancreatic cancers

Nonlinear pharmacokinetics resulting from high lipophilic and low oral bioavailability, and hypersensitivity reactions and hyperlipidemia caused by formulation by Cremophor EL have limited clinical effectiveness of paclitaxel (Taxol). In this way, there is the critical necessity of innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs) to mitigate severe side effects and overcome clinical limitations of paclitaxel. In recent years, various micro- and nanoformulations, specifically polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid NPs, have been presented and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, other nanoformulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), micelles, liposomes, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, have shown promising results in vitro and in vivo; however, some clinical limitations still exist, including the large-scale production and control of nanoformulation morphology. Based on the above short description, we have tried to explain advances and challenges of novel formulations of paclitaxel in both micro- and nanoscale in recent years, particularly in the year range of ۲۰۲۱-۲۰۲۵.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nonlinear pharmacokinetics ، Hypersensitivity reactions ، Hyperlipidemia ، Cremophor EL ، Taxol