A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Role and Status of Women in Nahj al-Balāghah According to Norman Fairclough's Approach

Nahj al-Balāghah, a selection of directives from the Caliph and immediate successor of the noble Prophet of Islam, Imam Ali (AS), is a key source for understanding authentic Islamic discourse. This research examines the discourse on women in Sermons ۲۷ (on Jihad) and ۸۰ (political), and Letters ۱۴ (military) and ۳۱ (educational), using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach at three levels: description (linguistic features), interpretation (production and reception), and explanation (social structures). Findings indicate that by rejecting the conventional and Umayyad violent and exploitative ideology against women, the Alawite discourse represents women as sublime, complementary, respected, and delicate subjects. Considering the emotional and social vulnerability of women, it emphasizes the preservation of human dignity, protection of their rights, and avoidance of injustice and violence against them. By recognizing the group identity of all women, including non-Muslims in a religious society, it reveals the integrated identity of the community, social cohesion, and shared human rights. Relying on religious legitimacy, the Alawite discourse aims to correct incorrect cognitive-cultural presuppositions about women and reinforces its discursive authority through intertextuality with the Qur'an and Prophetic tradition, as well as the use of social identity elements like honor (Ghayrat) and zeal (Ḥamīyyat). This research fills the gap of a comprehensive discourse analysis in Islamic texts regarding women and, by relying on Islamic exegeses, offers a modern reinterpretation for discussions on women's rights. This analysis, conducted within the historical context of early Islam, contributes to a deeper understanding of the status of women in religious texts and has applications in women's rights policymaking.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nahj al-Balāghah Discourse Analysis ، Imam Ali (AS) ، Women's Dignity ، Women's Religious Rights ، Islamic Identity of Women ، Women in Imam Ali's Society