Advanced Bio-Concrete and IoT-Driven Monitoring for Sustainable Mitigation of Concrete Cancer in Reinforced Concrete Structures: A Case Study on the Mir-Damad Bridge

Concrete cancer, primarily caused by the corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement, threatens the durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures. Traditional repair methods often provide only temporary solutions, necessitating more advanced approaches. This study introduces an innovative bio-concrete system that integrates microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) with silica nanoparticles and graphene oxide to enhance mechanical strength and self-healing capabilities. To optimize resilience, an IoT-based smart monitoring system was developed, incorporating wireless sensors and AI algorithms for real-time structural health assessment and proactive self-healing activation. Environmentally compatible encapsulation materials, including chitosan and alginate polymers, were employed to sustain microbial viability, while a hybrid cathodic protection system mitigated reinforcement corrosion. The methodology encompassed finite element simulations (ABAQUS and ANSYS), laboratory experiments, and field monitoring on the Mir-Damad Bridge in Tehran—an urban infrastructure subjected to heavy traffic, pollutants, and fluctuating environmental conditions. Numerical modeling indicated stress reductions of up to ۳۰% and a ۶۰% decrease in chloride penetration with nanomaterial-enhanced bio-concrete. Laboratory tests confirmed a ۲۵.۴% increase in compressive strength and a ۵۶.۲% reduction in chloride permeability, validated through SEM and XRD analyses. Field monitoring revealed a crack-healing efficiency of approximately ۹۳% and significantly lower corrosion potentials compared to conventional rehabilitation methods. The strong correlation between numerical, laboratory, and field results underscores the effectiveness and real-world applicability of bio-concrete technology, establishing it as a sustainable solution for long-term infrastructure resilience in aggressive urban environments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bio-Concrete ، Concrete Cancer ، Nanotechnology ، IoT-Based Monitoring ، Self-Healing Mechanisms