Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled With Gasoline–Bioethanol Blends Derived from Different Biomass Sources

The growing need for cleaner energy sources has positioned bioethanol as a viable alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. This overview examines how blending gasoline with bioethanol from diverse feedstocks like sugarcane, corn, lignocellulosic materials, and algae impacts engine performance and emissions. Bioethanol's high oxygen content and octane rating enhance combustion, reducing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. However, its lower energy density may compromise power output and efficiency. The effect on nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) is condition-dependent: while certain blends (E۱۰–E۲۰) may lower NOₓ due to cooler combustion, higher blends or specific load conditions can increase NOₓ formation. Blends containing ۱۰–۳۰% ethanol typically improve thermal efficiency and reduce emissions without requiring significant engine modifications. Higher ethanol blends might increase fuel consumption and cold-start difficulties. While second-generation bioethanol offers substantial environmental advantages, its production poses challenges. This review identifies the key research gap: the need to optimize higher ethanol blends and clarify NOₓ behavior under different operating conditions. Blends with up to ۳۰% ethanol strike a balance between performance and sustainability, making them a practical choice.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bioethanol&ndash ، gasoline blends ، Spark Ignition Engine ، Engine Performance ، Emission Characteristics ، NOₓ emissions ، Thermal efficiency