Phytosanitary diagnostics of apple powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha and apple scab, Venturia inaequalis

The article presents the results of phytosanitary monitoring of apple orchards in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan conducted in ۲۰۲۳. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution and development level of major fungal diseases of apple trees – scab, Venturia inaequalis and powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha – under the conditions of Southern and Southeastern Kazakhstan. Surveys were carried out in the orchards of “Koram” farm (Koram village, Enbekshikazakh district), where nine apple cultivars (Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Quinti, Red Delicious, Shaphida, Korean, and Stark Earliest) were grown on an area of ۱۱۰ ha. For the phytosanitary assessment, ۹۵–۱۰۰ trees of each cultivar were examined, and ۲۵۰۰–۳۰۰۰ leaves per cultivar were analyzed. The results revealed cultivar-specific susceptibility to fungal pathogens. Scab infection was recorded in Gala, Golden Delicious, and Stark Earliest (۱۵.۰–۲۲.۰% prevalence with a low development level of ۰.۴–۱.۳%). Symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious, where the prevalence reached ۳۰.۰–۳۳.۳%, while the disease development remained weak (۰.۳–۱.۵%). No symptoms of either disease were detected in the Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean cultivars. Thus, Gala, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious were identified as the most susceptible cultivars, whereas Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean demonstrated relative resistance to scab and powdery mildew. The findings confirm the necessity of systematic phytosanitary monitoring of orchards and may serve as a scientific basis for breeding programs and for the introduction of resistant apple cultivars in the southern regions of Kazakhstan.

کلیدواژه ها:

Apple (Malus domestica) ، Scab (Venturia inaequalis) ، Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) ، Phytosanitary monitoring ، Cultivar resistance