Performance and biocompatibility of polymer-based biomaterials and their properties in medicine

Polymer-based biomaterials have emerged as essential elements in advanced dental implantology due to their versatility, compatibility with biological systems, and inherent flexibility. This review focuses on the supportive and functional roles of polymers in dental implants, particularly their influence on the formation of the periodontium and the enhancement of implant stability. It evaluates the performance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of natural and synthetic polymers, such as collagen, PMMA, and PEEK, while emphasizing their mechanical characteristics, resistance to chemical degradation, and interactions within biological environments. Special attention is devoted to the mechanisms of polymer degradation and the distinctions between absorbable and non-absorbable polymers, including Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polyethylene (P.E.), and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK). Additionally, the article delves into the importance of surface modifications of polymers, highlighting their influence on protein adsorption, cellular responses, and overall implant success. The discussion extends to polymer-based bone scaffolds, examining how these materials facilitate tissue regeneration and reduce the risks of complications such as thrombosis and infection. Various strategies, including incorporating bioactive glass and molecular degradation techniques, are reviewed to enhance the biocompatibility and longevity of dental implants. This thorough examination emphasizes the necessity for innovative strategies in dental implantology, aiming to optimize the biocompatibility and functionality of polymers to improve patient outcomes and ensure the enduring success of dental implants.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biodegradable Polymers ، Polymeric Bone Scaffolds ، Polymeric Implants ، Bioactive Glasses ، Functions of Polymers ، Bioactive Glasses