۴D Food Printing System for Personalized Nutrition: Mini Review

۴D food printing, the integration of additive manufacturing with dynamic, time-dependent food transformations, represents a paradigm shift in the food industry. Beyond constructing complex ۳D geometries, ۴D printing enables foods to respond to stimuli such as heat, pH, or moisture, unlocking novel opportunities for personalized nutrition, food sustainability, and consumer engagement. This review highlights the principles, applications, and challenges of ۴D food printing, with a focus on food science implications and the mechanical engineering innovations driving this technology. We also discuss key research directions including material formulation, extrusion systems, motion optimization, and robotic safety considerations. This technology enables the creation of intricate, multi-material food structures with dynamic properties that evolve post-printing in response to environmental stimuli. The findings demonstrate the system's capability to produce complex edible constructs with tailored morphological and nutritional properties. This work underscores the significant potential of ۴DFP to revolutionize the food industry by enabling personalized nutrition, minimizing food waste through on-demand production, and enhancing culinary experiences. The study provides a foundational framework and identifies key mechanical and control challenges for future research in this emerging field.

کلیدواژه ها:

Food Science ، Personalized Nutrition ، ۴D Food Printing ، Food Industry