Nanosponge-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Transformative Approach for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer therapy, addressing critical challenges such as targeted drug delivery, reduced systemic toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Among various nanocarriers, nanosponges have gained prominence due to their unique porous structure, high drug-loading capacity, and ability to improve the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This paper explores the development, characterization, and recent applications of nanosponges in anticancer drug delivery, highlighting their advantages over conventional nanoparticles. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, in particular, exhibit tunable porosity, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsive drug release, making them ideal for cancer therapy. Recent studies demonstrate their efficacy in encapsulating chemotherapeutic agents, such as Withaferin-A (WFA), doxorubicin (DOX), and polyoxometalates (TiW۱۱Co), significantly enhancing cytotoxicity and tumor suppression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, dual-responsive nanosponges (pH- and glutathione- sensitive) enable controlled intracellular drug release, while hybrid systems integrating gold nanorods (AuNRs) facilitate combined chemo-photothermal therapy for synergistic effects. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in scalability, long-term biosafety, and regulatory standardization. Future research should focus on multi-stimuli-responsive designs, hybrid co-delivery systems, and clinical translation to fully realize the potential of nanosponges in precision oncology. With continued innovation, nanosponge-based drug delivery systems could revolutionize cancer treatment by offering targeted, efficient, and minimally toxic therapeutic solutions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanosponges ، targeted drug delivery ، cancer therapy ، B-cyclodextrin ، stimuli-responsive release ، nanotechnology