Patient Factors Influencing Dermal Filler Complications: Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment

Dermal fillers are widely used in aesthetic medicine for facial rejuvenation and volume restoration. Although generally considered safe, complications—ranging from mild to severe—can occur. Patient-related factors significantly contribute to the risk, nature, and severity of these adverse effects. This review explores how age, medical history, skin type, lifestyle habits (such as smoking and sun exposure), and immune status influence the development of dermal filler complications. Inadequate patient selection and insufficient pre-treatment assessment can lead to undesirable outcomes including granuloma formation, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and vascular compromise. Moreover, psychological factors and unrealistic expectations may complicate the therapeutic course. Prevention begins with thorough patient evaluation, informed consent, and individualized treatment planning. In the event of complications, early recognition and a tailored treatment strategy—ranging from conservative management to enzymatic or surgical intervention—are crucial. Understanding patient-specific risks not only enhances safety but also optimizes outcomes. This article aims to guide clinicians in integrating patient factors into the prevention, assessment, and treatment of dermal filler complications, ultimately contributing to safer and more effective aesthetic practices.

کلیدواژه ها:

dermal fillers ، Complications ، Patient Factors ، Aesthetic Medicine ، Risk Assessment