Hydrothermal Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nickel-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Enhanced Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are known for their antimicrobial properties, and adding other elements can improve how well they work and how safe they are. In this study, we made nickel-doped copper oxide (Ni-CuO) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method and examined their biological effects. We prepared both pure CuO and Ni-doped CuO nanoparticles with ۲%, ۴%, and ۶% nickel at ۲۰۰°C for ۱۲ hours. We used X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy to analyze the samples. To test antibacterial activity, we used the agar well diffusion method with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis. We also checked biocompatibility using hemolysis and brine shrimp cytotoxicity tests. The XRD results showed a monoclinic CuO structure with an average crystallite size of ۹.۸ nm. Adding nickel lowered the optical band gap from ۱.۸–۲.۰ eV to ۱.۵–۱.۷ eV. The ۶% Ni-doped CuO had the strongest antibacterial effect, showing a ۱۵ mm inhibition zone against B. subtilis at ۱۵۰۰ μg/mL. Hemolytic activity dropped as Nickel content increased, from ۷۸.۹% in pure CuO to ۵۹.۲% in ۶% Ni-doped samples at the same concentration. These findings suggest that nickel doping improves both the antibacterial performance and biocompatibility of CuO nanoparticles, which could make them useful for biomedical applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nickel-doped CuO nanoparticles ، Hydrothermal Synthesis ، XRD and UV&ndash ، Vis characterization ، Optical band gap ، Antibacterial efficacy ، Hemolysis assay ، Brine shrimp cytotoxicity