The Role of Passive Energy-Saving Methods in Traditional vs. Contemporary Neighborhood Design, A Case Study of Kermanshah, Iran

The rising energy consumption in urban sectors, particularly in transportation and buildings, has posed a major challenge to urban sustainability. In contrast, Iran's traditional settlements achieved thermal comfort through passive design strategies—such as optimized form, orientation, density, and building materials—without relying on complex technologies. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach to evaluate passive design strategies in traditional (Feyzabad) and contemporary (Sadra Town) neighborhoods in Kermanshah. The findings reveal that the traditional fabric, with features such as compact form, narrow and winding alleys, indigenous materials with high thermal mass, and intelligent building orientation, significantly reduced energy consumption. In contrast, contemporary towns, with their sprawling layouts, wide streets, climate-incompatible materials, and dependence on mechanical systems, have led to increased energy use. This study suggests that integrating traditional design principles with modern technologies, alongside incentive policies and public education, could foster sustainable urban development and reduce energy consumption.

کلیدواژه ها:

Passive design strategies ، Energy consumption ، Urban sustainability ، Traditional neighborhoods ، Climatic design ، Kermanshah