Integrating Bio-chemical Sensors and Computational Models for Smart and Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development

The intersection of bio-chemical sensors and computational models is an innovative model for the creation of intelligent and sustainable urban infrastructure. Cities are increasingly faced with complex environmental and infrastructure issues, including air and water pollution, inefficient resource use, and limited real-time monitoring abilities. Bio-chemical sensors, ranging from gas sensors and biosensors to water quality probes, offer precise, real-time data on a very wide array of environmental parameters. When coupled with computational modeling techniques such as machine learning, digital twins, and spatial simulation, this dual synergy enables dynamic analysis of urban systems, early warning systems, and evidence-based policy-making. This review critically discusses the current context of sensor technology combined with computational models in a range of applications of urban infrastructure, including air quality management, water and wastewater systems, and green infrastructure. There is emphasis on interoperability between sensor networks and analysis platforms, as well as the obstacles of sensor calibration, data reliability, and scalability. It also refers to new and creative applications from foreign smart city initiatives while situating the chances and limitations in the Iranian and Islamic urban setting. Issues of high-resolution data acquisition, socio- cultural integration, and policy frameworks are addressed, in addition to future prospects with autonomous systems, edge computing, and participatory sensing. Generally, this integrative approach has the possibility of extending not only operation efficiency and sustainability but a technologically adaptive, culturally rich urban environment aligned with long-term development visions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Urban sustainability ، Bio-chemical sensors ، Computational modeling ، Smart infrastructure ، Real-time monitoring ، Environmental optimization