Responsive Facades in Architecture: Technological Shifts from Passive to Intelligent Skins

In contemporary architecture, the role of façades has evolved from a static and passive envelope to an active and interactive system. This transformation, in response to environmental challenges, increased energy consumption, and the need to enhance thermal comfort, highlights the necessity of revisiting the way building envelopes are designed. Responsive façades, utilizing modern technologies, have the ability to react to environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and airflow, playing a key role in optimizing energy performance and interacting with users. The aim of this review research is to examine the technological shift from passive façades to smart systems and introduce key innovations in the design of these façades. The research method is qualitative and based on systematic literature review, conceptual analysis, and case study examination. The results show that the integration of technologies such as smart materials, digital sensing and control systems, and responsive design has enhanced the environmental performance of façades and opened a new path for the development of sustainable and smart architecture. This paper, while outlining the historical progression of this shift, provides a conceptual framework for the development of innovative approaches in the design of future building envelopes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Responsive Facades ، Smart Building Envelopes ، Adaptive Architecture ، Sustainable Design