Toxicological evaluation and preliminary phytochemical characterisation of a Nigerian Cannabis sativa chemovar

Objective(s): Different Cannabis sativa chemovars produce diverse pharmacological and behavioral effects. With the widespread use of cannabis in Nigeria, detailed toxicological effects of Nigerian chemovars are lacking. This study aimed to identify phytocannabinoids and investigate the toxic effects of an indigenous C. sativa.Materials and Methods: The plant samples were air-dried, powdered, extracted with ethanol, and characterized (phytochemical screening, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)). Acute and subacute toxicity tests were done following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) protocols.Results: Screening showed appreciable levels of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and phenol. FTIR analysis indicated functional groups and chemical linkages like alcohols, fatty acids, alkynes, ketones, and esters, and ۱۱ phytocannabinoids with delta-۹-tetrahydrocannabinol in abundance (۳۵.۷۸%) reported by GC-MS. Acute toxicity test indicated an oral lethal dose (LD۵۰) value of ˃۵۰۰۰ mg/kg, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) dose of ≤۳۰۰ mg/kg, and a significant (P<۰.۰۵) decrease in the weight of animals in the ۲۰۰۰ mg/kg treatment group. The sub-acute toxicity test showed significantly (P<۰.۰۵) decreased ALP and ALT levels at ۲۵ mg/kg body weight, and significantly lower triglyceride (P<۰.۰۱) and LDL (P<۰.۰۵) levels. Urea and some haematological parameters were significantly (P<۰.۰۵) higher in the ۲۵۰ mg/kg group. Also, we observed mild to moderate necrosis in the excised pancreas and liver, and mild tubular changes in the kidney.Conclusion: This suggests that our indigenous variety of C. sativa may be considered safe following oral consumption.

کلیدواژه ها:

acute toxicity ، Cannabinoids ، Cannabis sativa ، Profile ، Sub-acute toxicity