Apoptosis Induction by Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells: A Comprehensive Review

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating malignant cells. In gastrointestinal cancers, dysregulation of apoptotic pathways contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of probiotics to modulate apoptosis in cancer cells, offering a novel therapeutic strategy. Specific probiotic strains have been shown to activate both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, involving key regulators such as Bax, BCL-۲, Caspase-۳, Fas, and Caspase-۸. This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which probiotics induce apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells, emphasizing strain-specific effects and therapeutic implications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Probiotics ، Apoptosis ، Gastrointestinal cancer ، Bax ، BCL-۲ ، Caspase-۳ ، Fas ، Caspase-۸ ، Intrinsic pathway ، Extrinsic pathway ، Cancer therapy