Microspheres for Cell-Based Immunotherapies: Enhancing Efficacy and Overcoming Challenges

Microspheres are revolutionizing cell-based immunotherapies by enabling precise control over immune cell activation, expansion, and targeted delivery. These spherical systems, ranging from ۱-۱۰۰۰ μm in diameter, address key challenges in adoptive cell therapies, such as CAR-T and NK cells, by providing sustained cytokine release and spatially and temporally controlled activation signals. By mimicking natural immune cell interactions and enhancing uptake by antigen-presenting cells, microspheres facilitate localized immune responses in critical sites, such as lymphoid tissues. These properties make them vital for improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic toxicity. Microsphere-based approaches overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of conventional cytokine administration and reduce side effects like cytokine release syndrome. Their integration with cryopreservation protocols further enhances the shelf life and distribution of cell-based products, expanding their clinical potential. While high costs and complex regulatory hurdles remain significant barriers to commercialization, advancements in manufacturing technologies and companion diagnostics are addressing these limitations. This review emphasizes microspheres' role in overcoming current limitations in cell-based immunotherapy and highlights their potential to transform the field by enhancing efficacy and scalability.

کلیدواژه ها:

Microsphere ، Immunotherapy ، Biopolymers ، Tumor