Dermal Fillers: Types, Indications, and Complications Materials de Relleno: Typos, Indications Complications

Dermal fillers have become a cornerstone in aesthetic medicine, offering minimally invasive solutions for facial rejuvenation, contour enhancement, and volume restoration. This review explores the various types of dermal fillers, their clinical indications, and potential complications associated with their use. Dermal fillers are broadly categorized into temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent types, with hyaluronic acid-based fillers being the most popular due to their biocompatibility and reversibility. Other commonly used materials include calcium hydroxylapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and polymethylmethacrylate microspheres. Indications for dermal filler application encompass correction of age-related volume loss, soft tissue augmentation, wrinkle reduction, and facial contour remodeling. Proper patient selection and individualized treatment planning are essential to maximize aesthetic outcomes and minimize risks. Despite their safety profile, dermal fillers carry potential complications ranging from mild and transient, such as swelling, bruising, and erythema, to more serious adverse events including infection, vascular occlusion, and granuloma formation. The prevention and management of complications require a thorough understanding of facial anatomy, appropriate injection techniques, and prompt recognition of adverse signs. Advances in filler technology and imaging techniques have improved treatment precision and patient satisfaction; however, challenges remain in achieving consistent long-term results and managing rare but severe complications. This review underscores the importance of clinician expertise, patient education, and ongoing research to optimize the safety and efficacy of dermal filler treatments. Future developments may focus on novel biomaterials, personalized treatment protocols, and improved diagnostic tools to further enhance clinical outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

dermal fillers ، Hyaluronic acid ، Facial rejuvenation ، Complications ، injection techniques ، Volume restoration