The Meta-Analysis Study of Genetically Modified (GM) Products Effects on Human Health

Two decades of commercial cultivation and consumption of genetically modified (GM) crops necessitate a rigorous, quantitative safety assessment. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January ۲۰۰۰ and June ۲۰۲۴ that directly compared commercially available GM products with isogenic non-GM counterparts. Databases searched included Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Seventy-two eligible studies (۲۸ animal trials, ۴۴ human studies) reporting quantitative health outcomes (blood biochemistry, organ weights, histopathology) were included. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) and pooled using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v۳. Pooled estimates showed no statistically significant differences between GM and non-GM groups for ALT (SMD = −۰.۱۲; ۹۵% CI −۰.۳۱ to ۰.۰۷; I² = ۴۲.۳%), AST (SMD = ۰.۰۸; ۹۵% CI −۰.۱۱ to ۰.۲۷; I² = ۳۸.۱%), serum creatinine (SMD = ۰.۰۵; ۹۵% CI −۰.۱۶ to ۰.۲۶; I² = ۳۵.۷%), liver weight (SMD = −۰.۰۴; ۹۵% CI −۰.۲۲ to ۰.۱۴; I² = ۳۱.۵%) or kidney weight (SMD = ۰.۰۲; ۹۵% CI −۰.۱۷ to ۰.۲۱; I² = ۲۸.۹%). Funnel plots and Egger’s tests did not indicate substantial publication bias. Overall, current evidence does not demonstrate consistent adverse effects of commercial GM products on standard toxicological or clinical endpoints; continued long-term epidemiological monitoring and high-resolution molecular studies are recommended.

کلیدواژه ها:

Genetically Modified Organisms ، Biosafety ، Meta-analysis ، Human Health ، Risk Assessment