Osteoporosis: Pharmacological Treatments, Pain Management, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a widespread bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), structural bone deterioration, and an increased risk of fractures. It primarily affects postmenopausal women and the elderly, representing a significant global health burden. The management of osteoporosis involves pharmacological treatments aimed at preventing fractures, alleviating symptoms, and improving overall quality of life.Methods: This review analyzes the pharmacology of current osteoporosis treatments, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), monoclonal antibodies, and newer agents such as sclerostin inhibitors. It also examines pain management strategies, particularly those targeting fracture-related pain, and explores the intersection between bone therapies and analgesia.Results: The current pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis have shown significant efficacy in reducing fracture risk. However, managing pain in osteoporosis, particularly post-fracture pain, remains a complex challenge. This review highlights the need for a multidimensional approach that integrates both bone-targeted therapies and effective pain management strategies.Conclusion: While osteoporosis therapies have greatly reduced fracture risk, pain management in osteoporosis patients remains an area requiring further research. This review synthesizes current literature on osteoporosis treatments and pain management, offering insights into best practices and identifying future research directions to improve patient outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Osteoporosis ، Fracture Risk ، Bisphosphonates ، SERMs ، Pain management ، Sclerostin Inhibitors