Genetic Identification in Mass Disasters; Challenges and Solutions

The identification of victims in mass fatality incidents such as earthquakes, plane crashes, or terrorist attacks remains one of the most challenging aspects of forensic science. With the advancement of genetic technologies, DNA-based methods have emerged as precise, rapid, and reliable tools in the identification process. This article explores both the theoretical and practical aspects of genetic identification in crisis situations. It first discusses the importance of selecting appropriate biological samples and the quality of DNA extracted from various tissues, including bone, teeth, and soft tissue. Various genetic analysis methods, such as STR, mtDNA, and SNP, are then examined along with their respective advantages and limitations under different circumstances. The role of genetic databases, international standards, and inter-agency cooperation in enhancing the speed and accuracy of identification is highlighted. In addition to technical aspects, the article addresses ethical, legal, and psychological considerations, particularly in informing families of the victims. By reviewing several case studies from past incidents, the need for preparedness among responsible organizations and the development of integrated protocols is emphasized. The findings indicate that the use of advanced genetic technologies can significantly improve the identification process, provided that, alongside sophisticated equipment, proper planning, personnel training, and institutional coordination are in place.

کلیدواژه ها:

Genetics ، Forensic Medicine ، Mass Disaster