A narrative review of the interdisciplinary application of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model in health education and promotion

Suicide is an escalating public health crisis, and the inability to solve problems is a key risk factor in this regard. This study was designed and implemented to prepare, validate, and investigate the effectiveness of a problem-based educational program on three critical psychological variables: social problem-solving, emotional regulation, and subjective well-being among individuals with a history of suicide attempts in Kermanshah City. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, the content of the educational program was developed through systematic text analysis, employing problem-solving theoretical models, particularly the D’zurilla and Nezu model. The content validity was subsequently confirmed by ۱۰ professionals in psychology and psychiatry using the Content Validity Ratios (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). In the quantitative phase, a Solomon four-group experimental design was used. Forty participants with a history of suicide attempts were randomly assigned to four groups (two experimental and two control groups). The research instruments included the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPSI-R), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWB). The experimental group received a ۱۳-session educational intervention, while the control group remained on the waiting list. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The qualitative phase results indicated that the developed educational package had high validity and reliability (۰.۹۸ = CVR overall, ۰.۹۶ = Holsti coefficient). The quantitative findings showed that the educational program had a positive and significant impact on enhancing social problem-solving skills (p < ۰.۰۰۱), improving subjective well-being (p < ۰.۰۰۱), and promoting emotional regulation (p < ۰.۰۰۱) among the experimental groups compared to the control groups. These results were also stable in the two-month follow-up phase. The problem-based educational program is an effective and valid intervention for improving psychological resilience in high-risk populations considering suicide attempts. By strengthening individuals’ abilities to constructively confront problems, modulating emotions, and enhancing a positive outlook on life, this program can serve as a key preventive and therapeutic strategy in mental health systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Suicide prevention ، problem-solving training ، social problem-solving ، emotional regulation ، subjective well-being ، clinical trial