CdS@Fe۳O۴ core-shell recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of ۲,۴,۵ - trisubstituted imidazoles by an electro -thermal grinding under Solvent -free conditions

The green synthesis of imidazoles, compounds with widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and materials science, has garnered increasing attention due to the growing importance of environmental considerations. In recent years, the use of sustainable catalysts and benign solvents has been considered key from a green chemistry perspective for the development of sustainable protocols. From this aspect, nanocatalysts have emerged with good catalytic activity due to their small size, large surface area, selectivity, recovery from reaction mixtures, and reusability. Magnetic nanocatalysts are particularly interesting due to their easy and efficient isolation and recovery using an external magnetic field, which avoids the loss of catalyst associated with filtration or centrifugation, and they have been widely applied in organic reactions. Trisubstituted imidazoles, a versatile class of heterocyclic compounds, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and material science. The CdS@Fe۳O۴ catalyst possesses a porous structure that provides a high surface area, thereby enhancing the accessibility of reactants to the active catalytic sites. This porosity improves the catalyst’s efficiency and increases the reaction rate. Based on BET analysis in similar studies, graphene oxide and its nanocomposites show uniform mesoporous structures, and their large surface area enhances the charge transfer process. In this research, a series of trisubstituted imidazoles was synthesized through the condensation of ۱,۲-diketones, benzaldehyde derivatives, and ammonium acetate in the presence of a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, CdS@Fe۳O۴. This reaction was conducted in a thermal electric mortar mill at ۶۰°C for ۱۵ minutes. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC, and the pure products were isolated through recrystallization. FT-IR and ۱H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structural characterization of the synthesized imidazoles.

کلیدواژه ها:

Heterocyclic compounds ، Grinding ، Nanocatalyst ، Imidazoles ، Solvent -free