THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY, INCLUDING DRUG DEVELOPMENT

The pharmaceutical industry has undergone significant changes over the years, and accounting practices within this sector have evolved accordingly. This essay explores the historical development of accounting in the pharmaceutical industry, including the factors influencing drug development and pricing. It examines the impact of various ecThe essay also investigates the role of accounting in the management of drug research and development, including the costs associated with clinical trials, regulatory approvals, and market launches. It discusses the financial reporting requirements and accounting standards specific to the pharmaceutical industry, such as the valuation of intangible assets and the recognition of revenue from drug sales. The essay also considers the implications of accounting practices for various stakeholders, including investors, patients, and healthcare providers. Economic, technological, and regulatory changes on accounting practices, with a focus on the pharmaceutical industry's unique challenges and opportunities. The essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the trends and developments in pharmaceutical accounting, highlighting the critical role played by accounting in the efficient management and decision-making processes of pharmaceutical companies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pharmaceutical accounting ، Research and development costs ، Drug pricing ، Financial reporting ، Mergers and acquisitions