The Industrial Revolutions Impacts Of Industrial Revolutions (The Future is SMART)

Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. These technological changes introduced novel ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society. Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the ۱۸th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (۱۸۵۲–۸۳) to describe Britain’s economic development from ۱۷۶۰ to ۱۸۴۰. Since Toynbee’s time the term has been more broadly applied as a process of economic transformation than as a period of time in a particular setting. This explains why some areas, such as China and India, did not begin their first industrial revolutions until the ۲۰th century, while others, such as the United States and western Europe, began undergoing second industrial revolutions by the late ۱۹th century. A brief treatment of the Industrial Revolutions follows.

کلیدواژه ها:

Industrial Revolution ، IR ، ۲IR ، ۳IR ، ۴IR ، Impact of Industrial Revolution ، Technological Change ، Human Capital ، Economic Development