Adsorption of red hair dye from aqueous solution using Fe۳O۴@NH۲-SBA-۱۶ NCs: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

This study investigated the potential of Fe۳O۴@NH۲-SBA-۱۶ nanocomposites (NCs) for adsorbing red hair dye from aqueous solutions. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TGA, confirming its structural integrity and functional groups. The adsorption behavior of Fe۳O۴@NH۲-SBA-۱۶ NCs was tested by changing several parameters such as pH, dye concentration, adsorbent amount, thermodynamics, and contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity for red hair dye on Fe۳O۴@NH۲-SBA-۱۶ NCs was ۱۶.۱ mg/g at ۲۵ °C. Kinetic studies indicated that dye removal follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, were calculated as -۳.۶۶ kJ/mol, -۱۶.۰۸ kJ/mol, and -۴۰.۹۲ J/mol·K, respectively. Results showed the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous based on these thermodynamic parameters. In real water samples, removal efficiency reached ۹۶.۸%, although it decreased to ۹۰.۵% with increasing salt concentration. The magnetic nano-adsorbent also demonstrated excellent reusability over three cycles. Overall, the findings suggest that Fe۳O۴@NH۲-SBA-۱۶ NCs are a promising, eco-friendly adsorbent for removing red hair dye from aqueous solutions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Adsorption ، cycles ، Magnetic nano-adsorbent ، Red hair dye