A Review of Novel Approaches in Designing Organic-Based Nanocatalysts for Organic Reactions in the Petrochemical Industry

Organic nanocatalysts have emerged as advanced tools in organic reactions within the petrochemical industry, effectively addressing the limitations of conventional catalysts, including low efficiency, insufficient selectivity, and recovery challenges. Recent advances in the design and synthesis of magnetic, graphene-based, single-atom, and photocatalytic nanocatalysts have enabled increased active surface area, targeted functionalization, and enhanced reaction performance. Magnetic nanocatalysts, in addition to improving reaction yields, allow easy separation and multiple reuses, while graphene-based nanocatalysts, with high surface area and versatile interactions, enhance reaction selectivity. Moreover, single-atom metal and photocatalysts offer precise control over reaction pathways, significantly boosting efficiency and chemical performance. This review focuses on the recent strategies in designing organic nanocatalysts, including synthesis methods, functionalization, stability enhancement, and recyclability, as well as their applications in multicomponent reactions, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking. Comparative tables are provided to critically analyze the efficiency, selectivity, and reusability of various nanocatalysts, highlighting future perspectives for advancing petrochemical processes using organic nanocatalysts.

کلیدواژه ها:

Organic nanocatalysts ، Petrochemical industry ، Magnetic nanoparticles ، Graphene-based catalysts ، Single-atom catalyst stability ، Green catalysis ، Multicomponent reactions