Public Health, Drinking Water, and Sanitation in Urban Public Facilities Under Municipal Management: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities

This article examines the critical intersection of public health, drinking water quality, and sanitation infrastructure within urban public facilities under municipal management. It synthesizes existing literature to highlight the challenges associated with providing safe and accessible water and sanitation in these settings, including issues related to infrastructure maintenance, hygiene practices, regulatory oversight, and the impact on public health outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores opportunities for improvement through innovative technologies, policy interventions, community engagement, and enhanced monitoring systems. The findings underscore the essential role of municipal authorities in ensuring adequate and equitable access to safe drinking water and sanitation in urban public facilities to safeguard public health and promote sustainable urban development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Public health ، drinking water ، sanitation ، urban public facilities ، municipal management ، water quality ، hygiene ، infrastructure ، policy ، health outcomes