Precision Nursing in Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism: Personalizing Care Through Biomarker-Guided Protocols

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency requiring precise risk stratification and tailored thrombolytic therapy. Biomarkers such as troponin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and D-dimer guide therapeutic decisions, enabling personalized treatment plans. Precision nursing integrates these biomarker-guided protocols to enhance patient outcomes through targeted interventions. This systematic review, conducted per PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for studies from ۲۰۱۸ to ۲۰۲۵, focusing on biomarkers and nursing roles in PE management. Twelve studies identified established biomarkers (troponin, BNP, D-dimer) and emerging markers (e.g., HIF-۱α, selectins) as critical for risk stratification. Nurses contribute through biomarker assessment, thrombolytic administration, complication monitoring, and patient education, though nursing-specific evidence remains limited. Biomarker-guided protocols reduce mortality and complications, but challenges include access to testing and training needs. Precision nursing enhances PE care, yet standardized guidelines and research are needed to optimize practice.

کلیدواژه ها:

pulmonary embolism ، thrombolytic therapy ، biomarkers ، precision nursing ، personalized care ، patient safety ، risk stratification ، critical care