The Design of a Copper Nanoclusters-modified Electrode for Electrochemical Determination of Glutathione in some Real Samples

This research presents the design of an electrochemical sensor for the detection and determination of glutathione, utilizing carbon paste electrodes modified with copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). The characterization of the CuNCs was conducted using several analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The study explored the electrochemical properties of glutathione through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The results indicated that the sensor displayed a notable electro-oxidation response at a low oxidation potential of ۰.۴۳ V in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of ۲.۰۰. Under optimized experimental conditions, the peak current exhibited a linear correlation with glutathione concentrations ranging from ۵.۰ μM to ۶۰۰.۰ μM, achieving a detection limit of ۰.۶ μM (S/N = ۳). Additionally, the voltammetric response demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of ۲.۷% (n = ۳), confirming the sensor’s reliability for analytical purposes. The sensor measured glutathione concentrations in biological samples, including urine and pharmaceutical tablets, with a recovery ranging from ۸۸.۰% to ۱۰۹.۷%. The results show the sensor's potential to detect glutathione in biological matrices for both clinical and research applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Carbon paste electrode ، Copper nanoclusters ، Cyclic Voltammetry ، Glutathione