Legal and Governance Challenges in Regulating Artificial Intelligence Systems

This article explores the multifaceted legal, ethical, and governance challenges posed by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), with a particular focus on civil liability, accountability, and regulatory adaptation. The subject of the study centers on the inadequacy of existing legal frameworks to address the complexities of AI, particularly in relation to negligence, causation, foreseeability, and the attribution of liability. The aim is to critically assess whether traditional legal doctrines such as vicarious liability and the evidentiary doctrine of res ipsa loquitur can be adapted or must be replaced to ensure effective regulation of AI systems. Using a doctrinal legal research method, the article systematically analyzes current common law and statutory concepts, evaluates governance proposals from various jurisdictions, and proposes regulatory innovations to bridge emerging liability gaps caused by the replacement of human employees with autonomous systems. The results indicate that without new statutory mechanisms such as a model of employer's fault-based liability and international cooperation on transparency, oversight, and data governance, legal systems will struggle to maintain accountability and protect human rights. The article concludes that achieving effective AI governance requires a proactive, interdisciplinary, and globally coordinated approach to reform legal doctrines and regulatory instruments, ensuring that AI evolves in a responsible and socially beneficial manner.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial Intelligence ، Legal Accountability ، Regulation ، Legislation ، Good Governance