A Review of Carbon -Based Nanomaterials in Civil Engineering: Properties, Classifications, and Construction Innovations

In recent years, the growing interest in the application of nanomaterials has highlighted their emerging role in advancing smart, durable, and sustainable structures. Carbon nanomaterials, ranging from zero-dimensional structures, have brought a significant transformation to the construction industry due to their exceptional mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. Structures such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon aerogels play a critical role in enhancing concrete strength, improving soil performance, reducing permeability, and increasing the longevity of infrastructure. This study presents a comprehensive review of carbon nanomaterials based on their dimensional structure, analyzing the impact of each category on the performance of construction materials. The collected information from credible studies has been systematically examined and classified to elucidate the practical implications of these nanostructures in the building and construction sector.

کلیدواژه ها:

Carbon nanomaterials ، Nanotube ، Graphene ، Concrete ، Soil ، Construction